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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
This 3 page paper discusses the term "phlegmatic" as it relates to the "four temperaments." Bibliography lists 4 sources.
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3 pages (~225 words per page)
File: D0_HVPhlegm.rtf
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the word and its relation to the idea of the Four Temperaments, as well as how it applies today. Discussion The word "phlegmatic" has "phlegm" as its root; phlegm is
that nasty, thick stuff we bring up when we have a really deep cough. Most of us find it disgusting but there appears to be a small faction made up
mostly of boys (of all ages) who think "hocking a loogie" is great fun. Be that as it may, the world phlegmatic actually has less to do with questionable personal
habits and more to do with expressing emotion. The "concept of the Four Temperaments - choleric, melancholic, sanguine, and phlegmatic-dates back 2,000 years to Hippocrates, the "father of medical science"
(History of the four temperaments, 2007). Hippocrates and other ancients believed that differences in peoples personalities were related to whichever bodily fluid was predominant in the individual (History of the
four temperaments, 2007). Thus we have "choleric," associated with "yellow bile from the liver"; "sanguine," associated with "blood from the heart"; "melancholic" associated with "black bile from the kidneys"; and
finally, "phlegmatic," associated with "phlegm from the lungs" (History of the four temperaments, 2007). A person with a "sanguine" temperament was assumed to be "eager and optimistic"; a "melancholic" person
was seen as "reticent and somewhat doleful"; the "choleric" was passionate and the "phlegmatic" was calm (History of the four temperaments, 2007). The idea of the four personality types goes
back to the Greeks, but the use of the word "temperament" in association with these types is much more recent, dating back only to the 17th century (History of the
four temperaments, 2007). The word is based on the Latin "temperamentum" or "mixture" and not surprisingly perhaps, has a connection to the Roman Catholic Church (History of the four temperaments,
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