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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
A 10 page paper which examines some of the basic
theories of Hume, Rousseau, Marx, Nietzsche, Freud, and Foucault. Bibliography lists 6
additional sources.
Page Count:
10 pages (~225 words per page)
File: JR7_RAphil.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
theories. Hume introduced the term utility into our moral vocabulary, and his theory is the immediate forerunner to the classic utilitarian views of Bentham and Mill" (Fieser, 2002). His moral
theory actually comes to us in Book 3 of the Treatise of Human Nature (1740) as well as An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals (1751). "In both of these
works, his theory involves a chain of events that begins with the agents action, which impacts the receiver, which in turn is observed by the spectator. To begin with the
agent, for Hume, all actions of a moral agent are motivated by character traits, specifically either virtuous or vicious character traits" (Fieser, 2002). Fieser (2002) offers us an example, stating
that if one donates money to some charity then it is likely that the motive is virtuous. But, "Hume argues that some virtuous character traits are instinctive or natural, such
as benevolence, and others are acquired or artificial, such as justice. As an agent, your action will have an effect on a receiver" (Fieser, 2002). Again, Fieser (2002) offers an
example stating that if someone brings food to a hungry person then the person receiving the food "will experience an immediately agreeable feeling from your act. Also, the receiver may
see the usefulness of your food donation, insofar as eating food will improve his health." And there is still yet another agreeable feeling associated with the knowledge of the act
itself. And, "Finally, I, as a spectator, observe these agreeable feelings that the receiver experiences. I, then, will sympathetically experience agreeable feelings along with the receiver" (Fieser, 2002). It is
these sympathetic feelings of pleasure which "constitute my moral approval of the original act of charity that you, the agent, perform. By sympathetically experiencing this pleasure, I thereby pronounce your
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