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Paris, 18th Century/London, 19th Century

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Essay / Research Paper Abstract

A 5 page research paper that examines Paris in the eighteenth century and London in the nineteenth. The writer argues that an examination of these two cities in these respective centuries shows that the situations in each case could not have existed elsewhere or else-when. In each case the contributions to Western civilization that arose from each city were unique and came about as the result of specific circumstances in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

Page Count:

5 pages (~225 words per page)

File: D0_khp18l19.rtf

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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:

capital of London were in their heyday. An examination of these two cities in these respective centuries shows that the situations in each case could not have existed elsewhere or else-when. In each case the contributions to Western civilization that arose from each city were unique and came about as the result of specific circumstances in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. By 1700, Paris supported a population of roughly half a million, which grew to at least 700,000 by the time of the Revolution in 1789 (Garrioch, 2001). Despite a few ups and down, the Parisian economy was booming until the eve of the French Revolution. The nations capital, the largest city in the wealthiest kingdom in Europe, Paris was home to administrators, magistrates, lawyers and nobles (Garrioch, 2001). This, naturally, also made it a center for consumption. Its fashion industry was tremendous, and furnishing and luxury goods of all sorts were exported from Paris to everywhere in Europe and even to North American (Garrioch, 2001). It can be argued that the intellectual climate of France, as well as the rest of Europe, in the eighteenth century was set during the seventeenth by Frenchman Rene Descartes, who was an "unswerving advocate of rationalism in philosophy (Burns, 1969, p. 566). This worldview came to full flower in the eighteenth century with the philosophical movement known as the Enlightenment, or the Age of Reason. According to Burns (1969), the eighteenth century philosopher Voltaire epitomized the Enlightenment n a manner similar to the way that Luther epitomizes the Reformation. An advocate of individual freedom, Voltaire considered all restrictions on liberty of speech or opinion to be barbaric. Voltaire and the Enlightenment laid the intellectual groundwork for people in the last decades of the century to question the whole ...

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