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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
A 6 page research paper that is in two parts. The first part describes symptoms and aspects of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), while the second part discusses trauma more generally, describing its negative effects. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Page Count:
6 pages (~225 words per page)
File: KL9_khPTSDtr.doc
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
"experienced, witnessed or was confronted with" that involved the threat of death or serious injury to that individual or to others (Hathaway, Boals and Banks, 2010, p. 119). There are
a wide variety of experiences that qualify as traumatic, ranging from combat experiences to personal assault and accidents that are life-threatening. Personal responses to trauma also varies, as some
people develop Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) while others may react by developing depression or by attempting to self-medicate with drugs or alcohol. PTSD is a debilitating reaction to trauma
that involves the individual avoiding any stimuli that is associated with the trauma experience, as well as an overall increase in physiological arousal that lasts for a minimum of one
month following the trauma (Hathaway, Boals and Banks, 2010). In addition to Criterion A1 of the DSM-IV=TR, which is cited above, Criterion A2 specifies that the response of the individual
with PTSD will involve "intense fear, helplessness or horror" (Hathaway, Boals and Banks, 2010, p. 120). DSM-IV criteria encompass three subsets of symptom criteria, which are: re-experiencing the trauma, i.e.,
"intrusive memories, nightmares"; avoidance; and arousal (Dyer, et al, 2009, p. 1100). After experiencing a traumatic event, people tend to think and feel differently both about themselves and the
world in which they live and these changes in cognition may lead to co-morbid conditions, such as alcohol or drug addiction (Williams, et al, 2012). These behaviors can be understood
as maladaptive attempts to cope with post-traumatic anxiety (Williams, et al, 2012). Therefore, it is not surprising that higher rates of alcohol and drug addiction have been identified among patients
diagnosed with PTSD (Williams, et al, 2012). The most prevalent co-morbid psychological disorder that occurs among PTSD patients is major depression and, it is also evident that among some
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