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A 3 page paper. The very basic foundations of each theory are reported. The paper also comments on the similarities between the three theories. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
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3 pages (~225 words per page)
File: ME12_PGwolns9.rtf
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(Tourville and Ingalls, 2003). The interactive model focuses on relationships and the developmental model focuses on developmental progress through stages (Tourville and Ingalls, 2003). Developmental models are usually based on
certain psychologists like Rogers and philosophers such as de Chardin (Tourville and Ingalls, 2003). Orems theory evolved over at least four decades. She commented that nurses could do nursing but
they could not explain what nursing is (Hartweg, 1991). She was also interested in what conditions had to exist for a person to seek help from nurses (Hartweg, 1991). The
first answer she determined was that people sought help when they could not care for themselves (Hartweg, 1991). Orems work was inspired by those she considered big thinkers, like experts
in philosophy, metaphysics and action theories as well as the writings of both Aquinas and Aristotle (Hartweg, 1991). The theory that emerged was self-care deficit theory. Orem argued that all
people want to be able to take care of themselves, when they cannot, they typically seek help from family and they then seek professional help (Hartweg, 1991). That inability for
self-care is the deficit. Experts agree that Orems model is a self-care framework, which allows it to be adapted for any setting (Horan, Doran and Timmins, 2004). Watson based
her nursing theory on the works of Carl Rogers, among others but she was particularly inspired by Rogers "phenomenological psychology and philosophy" (Tourville and Ingalls, 2003, p. 21). As
noted earlier, Watson was also inspired by a number of great thinkers, like Kierkegaard (Tourville and Ingalls, 2003). Her vast experiences with numerous diverse cultures across the globe were also
very influential in the development of Watsons model, which is referred to as Transpersonal Caring (Tourville and Ingalls, 2003). Like Orem, Watsons thoughts, concepts and theories evolved over decades.
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