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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
A 6 page paper. Each approach is described including the theories on which they were based. The Neuman model is viewed as being more holistic and comprehensive. The inherent risk with the Leininger model is outlined. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Page Count:
6 pages (~225 words per page)
File: MM12_PGneulg.RTF
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
experiences, Perls Gestalt theory that says humans must take responsibility for their own actions and feelings, and on systems theories that say "the world is made up of interconnected systems"
(Tourville and Ingalls, 2003, p. 21). The Neuman Systems model is comprised of five factors: "the physiological, psychological, socio-cultural, developmental, and spiritual" (McHolm and Geib, 1998, p. 23) and
all five of these factors must be considered (Tourville and Ingalls, 2003). Neuman defined wellness "as the condition of optimal stability of the client/client system" (Tourville and Ingalls, 2003, p.
21). Visualize concentric circles to get a picture of Neumans systems model: physiological is about the physiochemical structure and the functions of the body; the psychological circle is about emotions
and mental processes within the person; the socio-cultural circle is about relationships as well as the socio-cultural expectations placed on the person and the activities performed within this layer; spiritual
has to do with spiritual beliefs the person has and how these affect the person; and developmental is about the processes that relate to the development of that person over
their entire lifespan. This model is about the entire person. Leiningers model is not about the whole person, it is only about the patients culture. This is a vast difference
between the two models. The Neuman Systems model is one that looks at the whole person, not just the physical symptoms (McHolm and Geib, 1998, p. 23). According to
this model, health is a continuum with wellness and illness at opposite ends (Tourville and Ingalls, 2003). Where a person falls on that continuum is determined by how well these
five factors are balanced as the individual interacts with the many variables in the environment and how they react to the stressors in their life (Tourville and Ingalls, 2003). Under
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