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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
2 pages in length. Reviews an article by Keith Diefendorff describing Intel’s race on the new x86 architectural extensions. Intel, normally the leader in all the high tech races that appear on a daily basis, is now actually running to catch up to a new leader. Close on the heels of AMD in the x86 architectural extension race, it looks like Intel will be catching up quickly if they have not already.
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2 pages (~225 words per page)
File: D0_JGA3view.rtf
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new leader. Close on the heels of AMD in the x86 architectural extension race, it looks like Intel will be catching up quickly if they have not already.
Floating-point in multimedia processing today is mainly limited to 3D-graphics, but Intel is the fourth processor vendor to announce a SIMD floating-point extension to its general-purpose processor architecture. Intels
extension, known as Katmai, will have a peak-processing rate of 2 GFLOPS at 500 MHz. While Katmai cannot sustain back-to-back vector multiplies, it is a significant sacrifice in throughput
from that provided by KNI architecture. The constraints of the x86 architecture are obvious when one considers there are only eight registers. This is too few for many multimedia
algorithms. Intel would have added more if not for the limitation of the 3-bit register field in the modr/m byte of the x86 instruction encoding. It appears also
that Intel omitted a multiply-add unit in order to conform with the x86s two-operand format. Intel indicates that proper use of KNIs prefetch and streaming stores can, in fact,
improve the worst case array transfer rates by more than 2.5x on a 100-MHz P6 bus. The new registers of KNI add much-needed register namespace and width, and they also
solve MMXs problems with concurrent floating-point operation, but they do come with large software costs. Intel would have been much further along it is believed if the original MMX
had included KNIs features. Interestingly, KNI puts the future of 3Dnow in serious jeopardy. With the software lead of 3Dnow the two extensions are of course redundant,
and KNI is more powerful. But Intel is putting huge investment into its development tools and intends to do a full-scale release of Katmai next year. 3Dnow, it
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