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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
An 18 page paper which examines the effects of Negro league baseball on the African-American community, on the players themselves, and on the white community. Bibliography lists 11 sources.
Page Count:
18 pages (~225 words per page)
File: TG15_TGnegbb.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
a color line between black and white that proved impenetrable for years in both society and sport. African Americans shared a love of baseball with their white counterparts and
yet they were denied entry into the countrys favorite pastime, just as they were denied service in Southern restaurants and were relegated to the back seats on the local buses.
Undeterred, African Americans began to develop their own distinctive subculture, and what evolved was, in effect, dueling communities, of which baseball reigned supreme as the most popular sport, with
players, black and white, emerging as heroes and role models for Americas youth. II. Introduction Although it was Jackie Robinson who officially broke through baseballs color barrier when
he signed with the white Brooklyn Dodgers in 1947, baseball had been flourishing in black America since the end of the Civil War, when Bud Fowler, who is widely recognized
by sports historians as the first African-American professional baseball player, enjoyed a long career which lasted until the 1890s.1 In the beginning, baseball had been like an exclusive
mens club that accepted whites only for membership. This forced African-American baseball aficionados to organize their own clubs, the first by Frank Thompson in Long Island, who organized a
group of Argyle Hotel waiters in the 1880s and ultimately merged with a Philadelphia-based team, the Orions, to form what became known as the Cuban Giants.2 This name, unfortunately,
reflected the obvious ethnic prejudice of the late nineteenth century, with dark-skinned men presumed to be either Cuban, Spanish or Arab, and were referred to as such in the popular
media, even by such respected publications as Sporting News.3 On the diamond, the players would make fun of the prevalent presumption, and speak in a type of "gibberish" that
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