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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
This 7 page research paper discusses issues concerning natural and other gases as world energy supplies. Inherent benefits, risks, dangers, and advantages over other energy sources are all examined. It is concluded that as an energy source, natural gas is not as widely used as are other types. Nevertheless, the availability of natural gas assures humankind a huge source of nonpolluting energy for the future. Bibliography lists 4+ sources.
Page Count:
7 pages (~225 words per page)
File: D0_Worlener.rtf
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natural gas and oil results from the incongruent geography of reserves and consumption. Machipisas article makes it quite clear that economic factors include the economics of transportation, which I know
to be related to geography. Market factors, such as amount of consumption and substitutability, must also be considered. These factors are all highly dynamic. Jason Shapiro (1995) notes
that between 1975 and 1992 natural-gas consumption worldwide rose 67 percent, in contrast with 17 percent for oil. Most significant of the changes was the growth in industrial consumption
of natural gas, which is geographically concentrated in the developed part of the world. All of these phenomena interact through pricing mechanisms that include market arrangements such as contracts and
governmental policies and activities. In 1992, international trade accounted for only 16 percent of the world consumption of natural gas (Shapiro, 1995). Three-quarters
of the gas moved by pipeline and the remainder, as liquefied natural gas. But I realize that this proportion can also change. For example, I read that pipeline
exports from the former Soviet Union dropped substantially in recent years, but that decline was offset by increased exports by pipeline from Canada to the United States (Vaca, 1996). Long-term
international trade in liquefied natural gas can be expected to increase and that by pipeline, to decrease. Costs of natural-gas production differ with geological conditions, depth
and size of production zones, yields per well, type of terrain, and transportation. Natural gas has no significant refining costs, except to handle the noxious substances released into the
air. There is also no costing problem for associated gas from oil production. Much of this associated gas is burned off or reinjected into wells to raise pressure. The problem
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