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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
A 3 page paper. This paper briefly reports the five process standards and the five content standards. The writer comments on how process standards change instruction and why content standards are important. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Page Count:
3 pages (~225 words per page)
File: ME12_PGnctm11.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
strategies. Reasoning and Proof refers to the ability to recognize and use different types of reasoning and to be able to develop proofs. Communication is about the ability to communicate
their mathematical thinking and to be able to use language associated with mathematics. Communication also includes the ability to analyze ones own mathematical thinking as well as that of others
(NCTM, Process, 2011). Connections refers to the ability to make connections between and among ideas. It is also about understanding how ideas connect to each other and can be used
to build on each other. Finally, connections is about being able to apply mathematics in other arenas. Representation refers to the ability to use representations to organize and communicate ideas
related to mathematics and to be able to choose mathematical representations in problem solving. Representations should also be used to interpret various phenomena (NCTM, Process, 2011). The process
standards place a great deal more emphasis on problem solving and on conceptual understanding. This is in line with constructivist approaches. The increased focus on understanding concepts and problem solving
reduces the amount of instruction time spend on direct instruction of facts, formulas, etc. In short, traditional rote learning is out while problem solving and gaining a deeper understanding is
in. The process standards even include encouragement to use calculators as well as recommendations to use manipulatives. In terms of calculators, this is contrary to what many people believe but
it does not take away from students learning how to calculate manually. Further, we all understand that the best way to learn the multiplication table is by rote. Instruction
focuses on understanding the concepts and being able to use those concepts in numerous arenas. Teachers teach students the principles of mathematics rather than teaching them facts and figures. By
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