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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
A 4 page paper on myelography. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Page Count:
4 pages (~225 words per page)
File: JR7_RAmyely.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
spine. While it is one of those medical procedures that is clearly not without its risks, it is also a procedure that is important for many people. It was developed
decades ago and has been further developed in many ways through those decades. The following paper examines myelography from various perspectives. Myelography Myelography is described as follows by
one particular author: "Myelography is an x-ray examination of the structures within your spinal column. The examination can show conditions such as spinal tumors, spinal cord swelling and herniated (slipped)
disks" (ASRT). Interestingly enough, this procedure was discovered by accident, as is perhaps the case with many medical procedures throughout history (Myelography and Neurotoxic Substances). It was "accidentally visualized on
a post-traumatic skull x-ray performed by Luckett in 1913" (Myelography and Neurotoxic Substances). In relationship to the various contrast material injected into patients there are apparently many. For example,
air was first used as an agent in 1918 (Myelography and Neurotoxic Substances). Air proved difficult to visualize and so other agents were pursued (Myelography and Neurotoxic Substances). "In 1932
thorium dioxide (Thorotrast(r)) was first introduced. This substance appeared, at first to be ideal for the purpose of myelography (as well as other radiologic studies)" (Myelography and Neurotoxic Substances).
But, it was a substance that was radioactive and thus after a few decades it was slowly pushed aside (Myelography and Neurotoxic Substances). The following further examines the development of
different agents: "At the top of this list are the oil-based myelographic substances. These include Lipiodol (iodinated poppy-seed oil), Halogenol (brominated sesame-seed oil), Campiodol (iodinated rape-seed oil), and Pantopaque(r)/
Myodil(r) (ethyl iophenylundecylate)...starting in the 1940s clinicians and medical publications of the period began to attempt to sound the alarm and identify the association of oil myelography with severe nerve
...