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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
An 8 page research paper that explores the problems encountered with multiple gestation, and particularly with multiple births achieved through artificial reproductive technology. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Page Count:
8 pages (~225 words per page)
File: D0_khlitt2.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
trend has also resulted in an increase in the prevalence of low-birth weight infants and premature deliveries, as well as an increase in conditions that are associated with high-risk pregnancies
(Rosell-Sobern, Fuentes-Chaparro and Casaneuva, 2005). The following literature review looks at what is known about this trend and the repercussions that are involved, both socially and with families, regarding multiple
births. Background information The maternal adaptation to a multiple gestation is "an exaggeration of the response to a singleton pregnancy," as there is marked increase in the production
of steroid and protein hormones that is due to the increase in placental mass (Rosell-Sobern, Fuentes-Chaparro and Casaneuva, 2005, p. 296). While multiple gestations have been known to occur
throughout human history, they were the result of natural conception, with births greater than triplet occurring only with extreme rarity. Scientific innovation in fertility treatments has resulted not only in
helping infertile couples conceive, but it has also produced a "worldwide epidemic of multiple gestations," which frequently involve three or more fetuses (Blickstein, 2002, p. 26). These "higher-order multiple pregnancies
(HOMPs) are typically associated with higher rates of premature deliveries, low birth weight (LBW) and very LBW (VLBW) (Blickstein, 2002). Multiple gestation also places the mothers life at risk.
Higher order multiples are at increased risk for "peri-natal morbidity, mortality, and lifelong handicap" (Blickstein, 2002, p. 26). This pregnancy outcome cannot be considered positive or successful by any stretch
of the imagination. Therefore, it considered an urgent goal among healthcare practitioners that multiple gestations should be controlled or prevented as much as possible. Despite public health agencies in many
Western countries making it a focus of their policy to reduce the incidence of premature births LBW babies, these negative fetal outcomes have not decreased over the last decade and
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