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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
The history of what is known as the 'Middle East" is a complex integration of an extensive Eastern legacy and Western influences. To many in the Western world, the Middle East is a conundrum, due mostly to the different religious perspectives and the tendency to view it only from the Western viewpoint. In truth, the Middle East was a viable cultural phenomenon long before the term 'Middle East' was coined. This 10 page paper examines the influence of changes made at the end of World War I up until the present. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Page Count:
10 pages (~225 words per page)
File: D0_KTmidest.doc
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
East is a conundrum, due mostly to the different religious perspectives and the tendency to view it only from the Western viewpoint. In truth, the Middle East was a
viable cultural phenomenon long before the term Middle East was coined. A little over a century ago the Ottoman Empire was thriving and expanding, the Qajars still occupied the
Peacock Throne in Persia; the French held Algeria as an integral part of France, as well as a protectorate over Tunisia; and Egypt was under British control. The concept
of a Jewish state was in its infancy and the term Zionist had not been coined. The modern reality of the Middle East has evolved from a series of
conflicts, a sense of idealism, coupled with strong nationalist beliefs and a history of conquest and compromise. The Making of Boundaries Western imperialism in the Arab world mobilized the
nationalist energies of all groups, classes and organizations toward one single goal: formal independence. Colonialism exacted certain distortions: (l) urbanization without industrialization; (2) formal education without productive training; (3)
secularization without scientification; and (4) capitalist expansion without capitalist discipline. Colonialism also included dualism in the economy between the traditional sectors and modern sectors; dualism of state with
the two-headed structure of the palace and residence of the consul-general; dualism of urban spaces with the contrast between local towns and European-style districts; dualism of the military; dualism in
the intellectual spectrum of society between those trained in Western schools internalizing Western values, and those with indigenous cultural outlook; dualism of administration, justice, education, religion, press, artistic and sports
activities (Fuller and Lesser 34-35). "Independence meant independent Arab nation states devised and created by Western imperialism. The new Arab regimes were based on either Europeanized elates imposing
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