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This is a 3 page paper discussing Gram-positive bacteria. In the study of microbiology, common Gram-positive bacteria cells are Straphlyococcus aureus or Streptococcus cremoris often used in dairy production. Gram-positive bacteria are considered distinct in their multiple layered cell walls almost made up entirely of peptidoglycan. Gram-positive bacteria have four associated families which include Bacillaceae, Micrococcaceae, Mycobacteriaceae, and Peptococcaceae all of which vary in their growth rates, motility, and the media on which they grow. In addition, some Gram-positive bacteria have the ability to produce specific biochemical activities and/or specific toxins. Because of this, Gram-positive bacteria are sometimes used for fermentation, the reduction of nitrate or the production of coagulase or catalase among other uses.
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3 pages (~225 words per page)
File: D0_TJmicro1.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
made up entirely of peptidoglycan. Gram-positive bacteria have four associated families which include Bacillaceae, Micrococcaceae, Mycobacteriaceae, and Peptococcaceae all of which vary in their growth rates, motility, and the media
on which they grow. In addition, some Gram-positive bacteria have the ability to produce specific biochemical activities and/or specific toxins. Because of this, Gram-positive bacteria are sometimes used for fermentation,
the reduction of nitrate or the production of coagulase or catalase among other uses. Gram-positive bacteria cells are "characterized by having as part
of their cell wall structure peptidoglycan as well as polysaccharides and/or teichoic acids" and in testing are characterized by the "blue-violet color reaction in the Gram-staining procedure" (MicroBioNet, 2000, Gram;
Texas, 1995). In regards to the biology of Gram-positive bacteria, the cell wall structure peptidoglycan, also called murein, are "heteropolymers of glycan strands, which are cross-linked through short peptides" (MicroBioNet,
2000, Gram). Murein are chains of "alternating residues of N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetyl muramic acid which are Beta - 1,4-linked" and the acid is considered to be a unique compound associated
with bacterial cell walls. The chains themselves are "cross-linked by short polypeptide chains consisting of both L- and D-aminoacids" (MicroBioNet, 2000, Gram). Gram-positive bacteria contrast greatly from gram-negative bacteria
in that in gram-negative bacteria, "the peptidoglycan is simple in structure and comparatively uniform throughout most genera" while in Gram-positive, "there is a very big variation in structure and composition"
as generally the "peptidoglycan is multilayered" with some additional variations recorded in some groups (MicroBioNet, 2000, Gram). The groupings or families of the Gram-positive bacteria vary in their amino acid
composition and cross-linking as well as variation within the stem polypeptides. There are considered to be at least four families of the Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillaceae, Micrococcaceae, Mycobacteriaceae, and Peptococcaceae (MicroBioNet,
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