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Michael Latham/Modernization as Ideology

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A 4 page book review. Michael E. Latham, an associate professor of history at Fordham University, provides provocative insight into the manner in which theories of modernization were highly influential to American policymakers during the Kennedy Administration. The principal argument of Latham's text is that perspective on modernization traveled beyond their origins in academia to become an influential force in shaping both American foreign policy and how Americans perceived of themselves in terms of national identity. Examination of this text shows that Latham's argument is detailed, scholarly and sheds new light on the mechanisms behind the perpetuation of the Cold War. No additional sources cited.

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4 pages (~225 words per page)

File: D0_khmlath.rtf

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during the Kennedy Administration. The principal argument of Lathams text is that perspective on modernization traveled beyond their origins in academia to become an influential force in shaping both American foreign policy and how Americans perceived of themselves in terms of national identity. Examination of this text shows that Lathams argument is detailed, scholarly and sheds new light on the mechanisms behind the perpetuation of the Cold War. Lathams major points of argument can be broken down into three areas. First of all, Latham examines how a community of social scientists worked to establish the "political relevance of the knowledge it produced" (Latham 5). As this suggests, he traces the rise of modernization theory within the realms of American social science and how, in turn, they influenced Kennedy administrators. Latham points out that while American strategists did not believe that the Soviets would risk world destruction through direct military confrontation, they did believe that the Kremlin was determined to "chip away" at the underdeveloped countries, which would serve to destroy Americas "international credibility, and steadily undermine" US goals (Latham 2). This is an instructive area for fellow historians, as Latham shows how the ideas first proposed by Edward Shils and Talcott Parsons are altered and adapted by scholars associated with the Kennedy Administration, such as Walt Rostow and Marion Levy. Latham shows how the heightened state of anxiety that existed in during the Kennedy era relative to Soviet expansionism contributed to the appeal of constructing a modernization ideology. Secondly, he analyzes the relationship between social scientific theory and foreign policy through examination of several organizations, such as the Peace Corp (Latham 6). Additionally, he looks specifically at the Alliance for Progress with Latin America and the strategic hamlet program in Vietnam. He argues that the ...

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