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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
A 5 page research paper that summaries chapter 3 of John Iceland's Poverty in America: A Handbook. No additional sources cited.
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5 pages (~225 words per page)
File: KL9_khpovermea.doc
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using a fixed economic measure of income, and has long been considered outdated by experts. While the placement of the poverty line is adjusted for inflation, it has not been
adjusted to account for changes in living and spending patterns, which have changed considerably over the decades since use of the poverty line was initiated, as housing, transportation and food
costs have all escalated. Two primary methods of measuring poverty There are two primary methods for measuring poverty: absolute measures and relative measures (Iceland, 2006). Absolute measures, such
the poverty line, endeavor to establish a standard that defines the level of income to provide for basic needs and this standard remains constant over time (Iceland, 2006). A relative
measure, such as the measures used in Europe, evaluates poverty in utilizing assessment that considers various aspects that affect the standard of living (Iceland, 2006). As this indicates, the key
difference between the two methods is how they are updated, changing over the course of time to reflect current societal conditions. Absolute measures: As indicated above, absolute poverty measures
are those methods that utilize "thresholds, or poverty lines, which hold constant over time (Iceland, 2006, p. 21). This measurement methodology derives from standard budgets and the assumption that there
is a discernible, measurable economic level that marks the demarcation line between the advantaged and the disadvantaged (Iceland, 2006). Early reformers who advocated for the poor developed the standard budgets
that provide the methodology for absolute measures of poverty, as these budges established the amount of money necessary to provide sufficient shelter, clothe and food for the average family (Iceland,
2006). The US poverty measure is an absolute measure and consists of two components: "poverty thresholds and the definition of family income that is compared to these thresholds" (Iceland, 2006,
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