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This 3 page paper uses Robert Marks's work to investigate the work of another author, William Cronon, who wrote Changes in the Land. Bibliography lists 2 sources
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3 pages (~225 words per page)
File: D0_HVMksCro.rtf
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raised; and that the world, in fact, is composed of vast structures that change only slowly, over time (Marks, 2002). He believes that many of the changes that are
made happen because of what he calls historical "conjunctures"; "conjuncture meaning a critical combination of events or circumstances" (Conjuncture). Well use Markss work to investigate the work of another
author, William Cronon, who wrote Changes in the Land. Discussion The first thing of note is that whereas Marks is considering changes in the world (he uses the world "globalization"),
Cronons focus is much narrower. Hes concentrating on New England, and specifically the New England of the colonists: his subtitle is "Indians, Colonists and the Ecology of New
England," which tells us exactly what his subjects are. His first chapter begins with quotes from Walden, in which Thoreau laments the loss of so many species; bear, moose, deer,
porcupines, wolves, martens-the list seems endless (Cronon, 2003). The loss of such animals is a sort of shorthand for the changes taking place in the country as settlers move
in. Cronon points out that "there is nothing new to the observation that European settlement transformed the American landscape" (Cronon 2003, p. 5); but the question that he
addresses specifically is how the "nature" of New England changed when the Europeans came, and "can we reasonably speak of its changes in terms of maiming and imperfection?" (Cronon, 2003,
p. 5). Cronon gets to the heart of his argument when he says that in contemporary thought, there were three stages to settlement: first the settler was little better
than the Indians who helped him; at the next stage, "the Indian manners are more diluted," and finally, in the third stage, there are "settlers only"-the Indian manners are gone
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