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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
A 4 page paper that describes and explains three management styles: scientific, human relations and systems management. The writer ends by commenting on the management style that is appropriate for the criminal justice system. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
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4 pages (~225 words per page)
File: MM12_PGmgt061.rtf
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early 19th century and the need to manage factories and men efficiently (Wertheim, 2006). It was an attempt to bring some order to the chaotic process and arbitrary practices of
managing going on at the time (Encyclopedia of Management, 2006). Frederic Winslow Taylor created a science of management to meet the needs (Wertheim, 2006). His work in systematically analyzing human
behavior at work and breaking each work task down to its smallest unit led to the scientific management era (Wertheim, 2006). Contrary to what many think, Taylor looked at a
number of issues including the physical environment, social environment, fatigue, safety, the task, capacity, speed and cost (Wertheim, 2006). It was Taylor who spurred the practice of work breaks and
shorter work days (Wertheim, 2006). Although criticized for dehumanizing the job, the fact is that what Taylor proposed, as systematic as it was, was an improvement in working conditions at
that time (Wertheim, 2006). And, productivity increased, just as he said it would (Wertheim, 2006). The major principles of scientific management include: applying the scientific method to determine the best
method of accomplishing any given task, the notion that workers should be scientifically selected for each job and trained to perform that job, calling for cooperation between management and workers,
and having managers responsible for planning the work while workers are responsible for carrying out those plans (Encyclopedia of Management, 2006). Scientific management also supports pay for performance and high
performance standards (Encyclopedia of Management, 2006). The human relations school of management began in the 1920s and 1930s with the Hawthorne experiments (Encyclopedia of Management, 2006). The experiment concluded: the
attitudes of workers had an impact on productivity, the workplace is a social system and there is an informal power structure, the style of supervision could increase or decrease job
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