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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
A 3 page paper providing a flow diagram of screening for breast cancer with mammography and discussing the problems of accuracy. Mammograms have been less able to detect masses in dense or fatty breasts. Digital mammography has been shown to increase detection in women under 50; CAD mammography is much more accurate now than in the past. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Page Count:
3 pages (~225 words per page)
File: CC6_KSnursBrstFlow.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
1 to be visible on the screen. Introduction The mammogram has been hailed as one of the best methods of detecting breast
cancer early so that treatment can be successful. As is the case with any other diagnostic tool, mammography is not always accurate. It can return false positives causing
patients much anxiety, but worse, it also can miss active cancerous tumors that later can be life-threatening. Some of the lesions that mammography
can miss are simply too small to be detectible using the technology and will be detected at a later time though still early enough to treat with the expectation of
success. Others can be missed because of the nature of the individual breast. Very dense or fatty breasts are most difficult to screen properly.
Khalkhali, et al. (2002) used a radioisotope tag to assess mammography accuracy among women with dense or fatty breasts; the researchers approach is largely reproduced in Figure
1. Because mammography is less reliable among such patients, the researchers began only with a palpable mass, a condition hoped to be avoided by mammography among women with less
dense or fatty breasts. Poplack, et al. (2000) provide definitions that can be applied to the more general patient. "Screening indication" is a request for breast imaging -
routine mammography - of women with no symptoms and in whom breast cancer is not suspected. "Supplementary imaging" is a follow-up mammogram performed on those women whose initial mammogram
reveals suspicious lesions that cannot be defined. "Diagnostic imaging" is that which is performed in response to a clinical symptom such as a palpable mass.
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