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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
A 6 page research paper that gives an overview to the diagnosis, treatment, pathophysiology, etiology and expected patient outcomes of episodes of malignant hyperthermia (MH). MH is a rare skeletal muscle disease that causes patients to develop life-threatening hyperthermia in response to inhaled anesthesia. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
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6 pages (~225 words per page)
File: D0_90fever.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
of 43.3 degrees C or 110 degrees F) in response to MH-triggering agents that are administered as part of anesthesia (Dunn, 1997, p. 726). Statistically, MH episodes are rare with
the disorder being most commonly exhibited by children and young adults (Moore, Rice, 1991). However, a successful patient outcome for such episodes depends entirely on the core knowledge of the
ICU nursing staff (Dunn, 1997). Pathophysiology The exact pathophysiology of MH is not fully understood; however, recent research indicates that the triggering defect for the disorder lies within
the "sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle" (Moore; Rice, 1991, p. 2246). When a muscle is in a resting state, most of the calcium within the muscle is concentrated within the
sarcoplasmic reticulum (Moore; Rice, 1991). Thus far, the evidence indicates that MH affects the ability of the sarcoplasmic reticulum to store and released ionized calcium and that this causes sustained
skeletal muscle contraction (Moore; Rice, 1991). When a MH episode occurs, it is due to a complex series of biochemical changes that are triggered by certain "volatile anesthetic inhalation
agents" used in medication or by neuromuscular blocking medications that are used to induce general anesthesia (Dunn, 1997, p. 727; Donnelly, 1994). Anesthetic triggering agents that typically cause a
MH crisis are: Halothane (ie, Flurothane); Enflurane (ie, Ethrane); Isoflurane (ie, Forane); Desflurane (ie, Suprane); Sevoflurane; Methoxyflurane (ie, Penthrane); Cyclopropane; and Diethyl ether -- Neuromuscular blocking agents: Succinylcholine chloride (eg,
Anectine, Quelicin); Decamethonium (Dunn, 1997, p. 727). For North America, the incidence of MH is 1 case per 15,000 children receiving anesthesia and 1 case per 150,000 to 1.5
million young adults receiving anesthesia, with the rate rapidly declining after age 30 (Moore; Rice, 1991, p. 2246). The mortality rate is approximately 7% with MH occur more frequently in
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