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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
5 pages in length. The writer addresses the following aspects of lung cancer: description; incidence, prognosis, early signs and symptoms; preventive methods; and ethnic considerations. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Page Count:
5 pages (~225 words per page)
File: LM1_TLClung.doc
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
allow the debilitating disorder to incapacitate the patient. Primarily caused by the carcinogenic properties of cigarettes, it can also develop from exposure to other toxic chemicals such as asbestos
and nickel. Large-cell carcinomas are responsible for spreading from the lungs to the lymph nodes, into the chest and then to the gastrointestinal system. Scarred or chronically diseased
lungs are most susceptible to contracting lung cancer, for which smoking is most to blame. "It often takes more than 20 years for the effects of cigarette smoke to
develop into a detectable malignancy" (Patlak, 1995, p. PG). II. INCIDENCE, PROGNOSIS, EARLY SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS Statistics from the American Cancer Society estimated that over one hundred sixty thousand
Americans would lose their lives to lung cancer in 1998, with approximately one hundred seventy thousand new cases being diagnosed (Anonymous, 1998). Because the disease is most often detected
in its advanced stage, there exist few options available to render a positive prognosis. For some, surgery can remove the cancerous portions if it has not spread to the
lymph nodes; if that is the case, however, the only options left are chemotherapy and radiation (Patlak, 1995). It is interesting to note that the increase of smoking in America
has steadily correlated with the increasing incidence of lung cancer. Back at the turn of the century, when cigarette smoking was no more popular than that of fifty per
capita each year, lung cancer was virtually nonexistent. At that time, cigars, pipes and chewing tobacco were the primary methods of use for tobacco products. As cigarette consumption
grew over the next fifty years, the incidence of lung cancer skyrocketed to eighteen thousand cases by mid century, which "set off an alarm in the public health community" (Patlak,
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