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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
A 3 page research paper that discusses specific ethical issues associated with mental retardation throughout life. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Page Count:
3 pages (~225 words per page)
File: KL9_khmretlife.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
three decades. Today screening techniques for Down syndrome include "assessment of ultrasonographic markers, particularly measurement of nuchal translucency in the first trimester of pregnancy," as well as "maternal serum screening,"
which occurs during the first and second trimesters" (Khoshnood, et al, 2006, p. 2139). An ethical issue that parents face when confronted with the knowledge that their unborn child has
Down syndrome is rather to commit themselves to raising a mentally retarded child or to opt to abort the baby. In addition
to genetic causes of cognitive impairment, mental retardation can be cause by maternal behavior, as prenatal exposure to alcohol is one of the "leading causes of mental retardation in the
Western world" (Green, 2007, p. 103). Exposure to alcohol for the developing fetus means the development of deficits in basic cognitive functioning, such as "difficulties in planning, organization and attention,"
as well as "failure to learn from consequences and memory deficits" (Green, 2007, p. 103). Obviously, for a woman to drink alcoholic beverages while pregnant is ethically wrong, as this
damages the life of her child irrevocably. While in the past mentally retarded children were often relegated to "sterile, dehumanizing institutions" where they received educational services, today, empirical evidence
and federally mandated law support the idea that children with mental retardation should spend "some or much of their school day in general education classrooms" (Williamson, et al, 2006, p.
347). Historically where student with mental retardation were educated has been influenced by several factors, such as "(a) placement efficacy research, (b) legal mandates, (c) judicial interpretations, and (d) the
changing definition of the construct of MR" (Williamson, et al, 2006, p. 347). The goal of inclusion in general education classrooms is to prepare these students for participation in society
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