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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
A 5 page research paper that contrasts and compares the views of society expressed by early sociologists, Karl Marx and Emile Durkheim. The writer argues that Marx and Durkheim were cognizant of the tension between freedom and equality in societal structure, but perceived the impact of these forces in very different ways. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Page Count:
5 pages (~225 words per page)
File: D0_khkmed2.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
this freedom was only enjoyed by citizens, e.g. women, minorities, and foreigners did not enjoy equal status with citizens, so, therefore, their freedom was severely restricted. As this suggests, inequality
was taken for granted for the vast majority of human history. It was not until the late eighteenth century that intellectuals began to propose that freedom was a right that
should be enjoyed by all classes, although it was still assumed that women and minorities were excluded. Beginning in the nineteenth century, issues of freedom and equality and how these
factors are interwoven into the fabric of society via the institutions of governance became a focus of attention for social theorists, such as Karl Marx and Emile Durkheim. Both
Marx and Durkheim were cognizant of the tension between freedom and equality in societal structure. These two early sociologists differed in the particulars of their philosophy, but they both saw
these elements as dynamic social forces that propel societal evolution. As this suggests, they each perceived issues of freedom and equality in connection with their relationship to the overall
societal structure, rather than as distinct elements unto themselves. Alexis de Tocqueville observed of American society that "Freedom cannot betaken as the distinctive characteristics of democratic ages...the particular and
predominating fact peculiar to these ages is equality of conditions, and the chief passion which stirs men at such times"(2002). Thomas Jefferson certainly substantiated this observation in the writing
of the American Declaration of Independence. Referring to the rights of all men to "life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness," Jefferson noted that to obtain these goals governments
are instituted among men (2002). This is the approach taken by both Marx and Durkheim, as they examined the social structures of government and how these institutions impacted issues of
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