Sample Essay on:
Learning and Memory

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Essay / Research Paper Abstract

This 3 page paper explores the way we learn as infants, adolescents and adults, and if people in other countries learn differently. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

Page Count:

3 pages (~225 words per page)

File: D0_HVLrning.rtf

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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:

these assumptions. In the early part of the 20th century Jean Piaget identified four stages of learning that take place in infancy, and his theories have remained in force for over 80 years. The four stages of growth in infants, according to Piaget, are: 1) the "Sensorimotor stage" (birth-2 years of age) (Piaget, 2001). By physically interacting with their environment, infants at this stage of development build "a set of concepts about reality and how it works" (Piaget, 2001). At this stage, children are not yet aware that physical objects continue to exist even when they are out of sight (Piaget, 2001). Stage 2 is the "Preoperational stage" (ages 2-7) (Piaget, 2001). At this point the child is still unable to deal with abstract concepts and "needs concrete physical situations" (Piaget, 2001). Stage 3 is the "Concrete operations" stage (ages 7-11) (Piaget, 2001). The child has accumulated enough physical experience to allow him to conceptualize, "creating logical structures that explain his or her physical experiences" (Piaget, 2001). Its also possible for children of this age to solve abstract problems. Stage 4 is the "Formal operations" stage, which begins at ages 11-15 (Piaget, 2005). At this stage, the "childs cognitive structures are like those of an adult and include conceptual reasoning" (Piaget, 2001). During all of these stages, the child "experiences his or her environment using whatever mental maps he or she has constructed so far. If the experience is a repeated one, it fits easily ... into the childs cognitive structure" but if the experience is new, the child will have to construct a new "map" to explain it (Piaget, 2001). In this way, the child "erects more and more adequate cognitive structures" (Piaget, 2001). By the time the child has become an adolescent, ...

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