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This 8 page research paper offers an overview of the American juvenile justice system and its current approach to corrections. This review of literature examines the nature of treatment offered with the juvenile justice system, its effectiveness and influence on recidivism. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
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8 pages (~225 words per page)
File: KL9_khjjoverv.doc
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them, as over 50 percent of incarcerated youth are reoffend after their release and close to 60 percent of these offenders make a return appearance to juvenile court prior to
turning age 18 (Nelson, et al, 2010). The following review of literature examines the nature of treatment offered with the juvenile justice system, its effectiveness and influence on recidivism.
Overview of the system and its history The juvenile justice system in the U.S. began in 1899 when the first juvenile court in the world was convened in
Cook County, Illinois (Nelson, et al, 2010). The intention of this system was to rehabilitate youthful offenders in a system that was separate from that of the adult criminal justice
system. This goal has typically been modified to fit with whatever happened to be the prevailing public and political climate of a particular era. For example, beginning in the mid-1990s,
the myth that the upcoming generation included "super predators" created a political atmosphere that led to the wholesale rejection of rehabilitation as a juvenile justice goal, as the emphasis shifted
to public safety as the primary consideration and severe punishment of juveniles as the most effective way of achieving this goal (Nelson, et al, 2010, P. 70). Simultaneously with
this development, the Gun-Free Schools Act of 1994 was passed, which encouraged a policy of "zero tolerance" as it criminalized student misconduct (Nelson, et al, 2010, p. 71). These
school policies, which compelled "suspension, expulsion and referral to the police," in regards to a wide array of student misconduct, have generated a significant entry point into the juvenile justice
system. In 1999, the U.S. Surgeon General noted that a large number of juveniles incarcerated within the system demonstrated the presence of serious mental health problems (Nelson, et al, 2010).
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