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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
A 5 page paper discussing the state of media freedom in Egypt for the purpose of determining Egypt’s media system type. The paper concludes that Egypt’s system is a transitional one. Formerly repressed, it has enjoyed more freedom than nearly any other Middle East nation in the past. The Mubarak regime, however, progressively has reduced freedom of the press. A 1995 law disallows overt criticism of government figures and is ambiguous enough that the government can build any type of case against nearly any real or perceived offending member of the media. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Page Count:
5 pages (~225 words per page)
File: CC6_KSEgyptJourn.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
a century ago, the government of Egypt was concerned enough over its image both within the nation and in the eyes of the rest of the world that it engaged
the services of Hamilton Wright. Wright was a US journalist who began his career in public relations by urging settlement in California and then later promoting Florida (Cutlip, 1987).
Several developing nations - including Egypt - sought Wrights services in their efforts to modernize Western views of those nations. That attitude
has long passed, of course. The nations of the Middle East are known for governments tight control of those activities that we in the US refer to as freedom
of speech and press. Jordan has been an exception, and beginning with the leadership of Anwar Sadat, Egypt had been one of the more liberal of the Middle Eastern
nations. Not all of that has changed to date, but it is evident that Egypt currently is in a transition phase taking its media along a path moving from
more freedom of speech to greatly restricted freedom. Legal Changes The Egyptian government adopted Press Law 93 in 1995, giving its transition
to less freedom of the press a significant degree of muscle. The law effectively divides journalistic efforts into national and opposition camps. It does not outlaw the right
of the opposition side to operate, but the existence of the law and the governments freedoms to enforce it effectively intimidate the opposition journalists of Egypt.
Under this law, criticism of government officials or institutions is an offense that can gain the offending party a prison term of five years and an accompanying
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