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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
In six pages this paper compares and contrasts the problems during this time period and how challenges were responded to by the countries, the shogun and empress dowager, the governing elites, the changes resulting from decisions, actions, and inactions, and how to explain the differing results and outcomes. Two sources are cited in the bibliography.
Page Count:
6 pages (~225 words per page)
File: TG15_TGtokuhsi.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
than the East Asian leaders Shogun Tokugawa Keiki Yoshinobu (1837-1913) of Japan and Empress Dowager Tzu Hsi (1835-1908) of China. Not everyone in the East was as enthusiastic about
modernity as the Western Europeans were. In fact, many were willing to halt this transformation by any means necessary, even if the outcome was death. Keiki and Tzu
Hsi symbolized an era that was rapidly drawing to a close with the Japanese shogunate and Chinese Manchu or Qing dynasty being overtaken in the twentieth century by an Emperor
and Republic forms of government. Many of the problems that resulted in the collapse of these regimes had to do with
an increasing Western presence in the East. Commodore Matthew C. Perry entered Japan in 1853 in hopes of establishing a lucrative trade market for the United States. He
and the U.S. Consul Townsend Harris impressed upon the Tokugawa shogunate the importance of U.S. and Japanese trade in hopes of securing a treaty. While the Japanese intellectuals were
already beginning to embrace Westernization through education, some of the more conservative groups regarded this as a betrayal, and Shogun Tokugawa Iesada shared this view. Tensions heightened after the
Shoguns death in 1858 and the emergence of Ii Naosuke as tairo or temporary leader of Japan, but Harris was not about to go down without a fight. According
to Japanese historian Ryotaro Shibas depiction of what transpired in The Last Shogun: The Life of Tokugawa Yoshinobu: "Negotiations moved forward on the signing of a commercial treaty with U.S.
consul Townsend Harris, a momentous issues interwoven with that of the shogunal succession. Harris dire threats of imminent naval action had the desired effect. Ii was convinced swift
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