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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
A paper which looks at the demographic changes which Japan has undergone, especially with regard to the ageing population, and the impact which this had on the economy and employment patterns. The changing perspective of graduates on the labour market is considered in detail. Bibliography lists 11 sources.
Page Count:
16 pages (~225 words per page)
File: JL5_JLjapdem.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
is in relation to age, although clearly this will affect other demographic factors. Iwata states that Japan is "is one of the most rapidly ageing countries in the world" (Iwata
2004, 1 ) and notes that this has been brought about due to a combination of lower fertility, lower mortality and improved life expectancy. Since improved life expectancy is a
result of improved national welfare, it is seen as an indication of economic growth; there has also been, as Iwata states, some degree of "market expansion of new services for
the elderly". However Ruckel (2005) challenges this to some extent, stating that the fact that a high proportion of the population is elderly not
only means that there are substantial demands on the health care system but also that such demands are likely to increase: in addition, health care overall tends to be somewhat
fragmented and inconsistent. These shortcomings in health care, along with reforms to the education system, are seen as a priority according to current government publications although as Iwata points out,
it is also necessary to take into account the implications of the lower fertility rate. There has been, and continues to be, a decline
in the total population and the population of working age: Iwata states that "It will diminish to about 40 percent of the current size in 2200, with aged persons above
65 years old exceeding 30 percent of the total population" and asserts that the share of the working age population had "already peaked out in the early 1990s" (Iwata, 2004,
1). Clearly these changes will have significant effects on the macroeconomy. Iwata notes that the anticipated negative growth rate which will occur due to the ageing population will account for
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