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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
A 5 page research paper that looks to William Bolitho's 1926 text on Mussolini for an explanation of how Fascism took over Italy, and then to a summation of Italian progress under Mussolini's rule. No additional sources cited.
Page Count:
5 pages (~225 words per page)
File: D0_00ium.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
doing so, Bolitho places Italian Fascism within a framework that includes the social and political atmospheres of the inter-war years. He demonstrates that Italy had long been the victim
of a frustrated nationalism, as time after time, Italian aspirations for power and empire had been shattered. For example, in 1881, Italian aspirations for acquiring Tunisia were brought to a
halt by the French occupation of that region. Additionally, Italian efforts to conquer Abyssinia in the 1890s were thwarted by the natives themselves in a crushing defeat at the Battle
of Adowa (Bolitho, 1926). This produced a devastating sense of humiliation in the minds of the Italians, particularly among the younger generation. The blame for these defeats landed squarely on
the governing class; therefore, as Bolitho points out, there was talk of revolution even before World War I. Bolitho then goes on to demonstrate that the establishment of a
Fascist dictatorship in Italy was greatly aided by the demoralizing and humiliating effects of World War I. The chief occupation of Italian armies during that conflict was to keep
Austrian troops engaged on the Southern Front, while the British, French and Americans hammered Germany into submission. To accomplish this, Italy mobilized more than 5,500,000 men, suffered over 700,000 fatalities,
for an incredibly high financial cost. Of course, these sacrifices were no greater than those made by the British or the French, but Italy was a poor country; and, moreover,
in the division of spoils, Italians felt that Italy did not receive adequate rewards for her sacrifices. This humiliation, also, was blamed on Italian leaders. World War I also contributed
to the inflation of Italian currency, with the subsequent high prices, speculation and profiteering. This, in turn, contributed to the growth of economic radicalism. As hardship and chaos increased, Italian
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