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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
This 7 page paper begins with a brief explanation of the two categories of intellectual property. The essay provides an overview of the agreements that address intellectual property rights and provides some examples of violations. The neem tree in India is used as an example of patents gone too far. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
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7 pages (~225 words per page)
File: MM12_PGintp.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
and designs used in commerce" (WIPO, 2005). There are two broad categories of intellectual property: * Industrial property, which includes things like inventions and industrial designs and which are
protected under trademarks, and patents (WIPO, 2005). * Copyright, which covers artistic and literary works, such as poems, plays, musical works, novels, drawings, photographs, sculptures, architectural designs, television programs and
so on. These may all be copyrighted (WIPO, 2005). One of the issues in trade is the theft of intellectual property. It is an issue that has been a source
of contention between nations for many, many years. It is an issue in which the World Trade Organization (WTO) becomes involved. The WTO was established on January 1, 1995 through
the Uruguay Round Negotiations. This brought with it a new set of trade laws backed by this organization (Dawkins, 2005). These include an agreement "Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property
Rights (TRIPS)" (Chisanga, 2001). There have been many attempts to change the TRIPS regulations with the major justification being that 95 percent of all patents in the world are
held by industrial countries (Chisanga, 2001). It may sound simple - copyrighting material, obtaining trademarks and patents but the issue of intellectual property rights is more complex and more diverse
than one might imagine. For instance, shortly after the WTO was established, United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights said there were "conflicts between the WTOs agriculture
and intellectual property rights agreements and the human rights to food, health and self-determination, as well as potential conflicts between a future agreement on trade in services and the human
rights to health and water" (Dawkins, 2005). A real case from 2002 was about the neem tree in India. The dispute was between American companies and India (Hasan, 2002). The
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