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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
A 12 page research paper that offers a literature review that looks at rehabilitation programs in Israel, Great Britain, and the US, with particular emphasis on the therapeutic community movement. The writer examines criminality, educational programs, and the effects of programs on recidivism. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Page Count:
12 pages (~225 words per page)
File: D0_khinmtc.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
into society, hopefully preventing recidivism by making ex-offenders into constructive, law abiding citizens. In recent decades, there has been a distinct shift, in Great Britain, the US, and elsewhere, in
addressing criminality from a rehabilitation standpoint towards a belief that the penal system should mainly concern itself with purposes such as "deterrent impact, incapacitation or efficient containment according to regulation"
(Forsythe, 1987, p. 1). This shift away from what may be termed rehabilitative or therapeutic marks a sharp change from the
perspectives that characterized the twentieth century prior to 1975. Prior to 1975, there was a marked increase in the "number of probation officers, extensive changes in the law," as well
as the emergence of new "therapeutic" or "training prisons" in Great Britain, such as "Grendon Underwood" or the "Barlinnie Special Unit" (Forsythe, 1987, p. 1). Since 1975, while the
skeleton of this penal system still exists, there has been a noticeable erosion in the belief in the efficacy of reform and with intellectuals increasing suspicious of the motives behind
the reformatory system (Forsythe, 1987). Nevertheless, a review of the literature on rehabilitation points to the crucial nature of this aspect of the penal system. Duguid (2000) points out
that there is a growing body of research data that indicates that rehabilitation and/or reformation through the process of incarceration is "illusory" (p. viii). Exceptions to this general statement do
occur, but they appears by happen more by accident than design (Duguid, 2000). Critics of the system, such as Norval Morris, Robert Martinson and Michel Foucault, have insisted that the
principal function of the prison systems has been combination of "punishment, retribution and revenge," not rehabilitation (Duguid, 2000, p. viii). Nevertheless, the literature also indicates that rehabilitation is being accomplished
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