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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
A 4 page overview of nitric oxide therapy as it is used in treating persistent pulmonary hypertension of the term or near term infant. This paper describes the condition and the considerations that must
be made when deciding whether to administer the treatment. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Page Count:
4 pages (~225 words per page)
File: AM2_PPpulmNO.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
pulmonary hypertension (PPHN) is one of the more common problems experienced with newly born infants experiencing respiratory failure. It is associated with pulmonary hypertension as well as "extrapulmonary right-to-left
shunting across the foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus" (Clark, Kueser, Walker, & Southgate, 2000). Humbert, Sitbon, & Simonneau (2005, p. 1425) clarifies that the small pulmonary arteries, those arteries
that are "characterized by vascular proliferation and remodeling", are affected that there is a gradual increase in:
"pulmonary vascular resistance and, ultimately, right ventricular failure and death" Mortality rates average
around ten percent for infants affected with the condition (Lorch, Cnaan, & Barnhart, 2005). PPHN results in hypoxia and respiratory failure and affects one to two full term infants
per one-thousand births (Lorch, Cnaan, & Barnhart, 2005). Inhaled nitric oxide therapy is a well-established component of the standardized approach to treating persistent pulmonary hypertension of the term or
near term infant. This is true despite contradictory results regarding the effectiveness of such treatment. In the standardized approach to
treating persistent pulmonary hypertension in infants small amounts of nitric oxide gas are added (from cylinders via an INO Delivery System) to the continuous flow oxygen delivery system. This
is typically accomplished by introducing the nitric oxide to an "afferent limb of the ventilator circuit near the endotracheal tube" (Clark, Kueser, Walker, & Southgate, 2000). The amount of
nitric oxide and its ratio to the oxygen is measured using electrochemical monitors (Clark, Kueser, Walker, & Southgate, 2000). The nitric
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