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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
A paper which consider how the design and marketing of Apple computers have contributed to the development of the Information Age, with particular reference to the theories of Bell and Castells. Bibliography lists 12 sources.
Page Count:
13 pages (~225 words per page)
File: JL5_JLappl.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
to the development of the Information Age, it is useful to first consider how the Information Age itself has been delineated by theorists such as Bell and Castells. Johnson (1996)
states that concepts such as the Information Society and the Information Revolution are essential to the development of technocracy. He argues that such concepts give priority to the technology itself,
in terms of its technical potential, as opposed to considering the social impact which results from those potentials, and which affects the ways in which they are realized.
He also contends that this technocratic ideology "denies" history, since each new development is lauded for its novelty, and the emphasis is always on the
new: "new media .. new societies, new times, new space" (Johnson, 1996). He points out that telecoms and the new media systems are essential to current infrastructures, and therefore to
the paths which social and political change are taking. However, he argues that whilst new media offers "considerable potential to empower and enhance the lives of the people of the
world" (Johnson, 1996), in fact this potential is not being realized, because of the monopolization and commercial control which is exerted over the information network. Because of this, he maintains,
the information revolution is not able to contribute to the development of democratic systems, even though it clearly can offer the means to do so.
He also makes the point that although modern technology is frequently referred to as "global", universal access does not in fact exist. He notes that telecoms
networks are only one component in a much broader systems which includes usage fees, expensive software, and specific levels of user competence. Universal access, he states, must be defined as
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