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This 20 page research paper discusses the philosophical concepts of inductive and deductive reasoning to the development of modern-day logic. The works of numerous historic philosophers are cited. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
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20 pages (~225 words per page)
File: D0_Indeduct.rtf
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mind which spawns knowledge. It is the mind which must ultimately draw the conclusions based on observed evidence. Therefore, the mind must be continually stimulated in order to
make the correct decisions, and is thus the origin of truth. According to Descartes, "I think, hence I am" (Hirschfeld, 20). This, in and of itself is an
example of deductive reasoning: I have a mind which enables me to think. Because of my capacity for thought, I can define who I am. I think,
therefore, I am. V. Deductive reasoning in modern times Deductive reasoning is more evident in todays physical and social sciences than inductive reasoning, perhaps their arent as many variables
dependent upon its eventual conclusion. According to contemporary psychologist Lance Rips, there is a constant connection existent in reason which he describes as "natural deduction" (Byrne, 1996). Rips
new approach to deductive reasoning is referred to as PSYCOP, which is an acronym for Psychology of Proof. This is an extension of his earlier natural deduction hypothesis and
Rips attempts to prove his propositions through the establishment of quantifiers and using empiricism to support his conclusions. According to Rips, deductive reasoning is based upon suppositions and then dictated
by the consequences of these suppositions. Paramount to deductive reasoning is inference -- in other words, people draw their own conclusions because they essentially conform to their own individual
system of logic. In his 1994 book, The Psychology of Proof: Deductive Reasoning in Human Thinking, Rips wrote, "The evidence on the status of a rule is sometimes ambiguous,
particularly if primitive rules can vary in how easy they are to deploy. It is not always clear, for example, whether subjects are proving a given argument by
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