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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
This 5 page paper is the third for another student and reports the findings of the literature review conducted for the research study. This section discusses the findings relative to the impact of culture and demographics on specific forms of non-verbal communication – kinesics, proxemics, haptics, oculesic and paralinguistics. The writer also notes that these messages are further mitigated through other external factors. No Bibliography.
Page Count:
5 pages (~225 words per page)
File: MM12_PGnvcm.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
messages influence the communication process? 3. What are the implications of these findings for interpersonal interactions in the educational setting and/or workplace? The findings are based on an extensive review
of the literature. The review focused on how demographic and cultural factors impact different forms of non-verbal communication, including kinesic, oculesic, proxemic, and haptic communication, and the nature of nonverbal
behavior patterns in cultural contexts. Findings for each form of non-verbal messaging are presented here. * Kinesic behavior refers to body language, which includes facial expressions, gestures, movement of legs,
hands or arms, posture, eye gaze and blinking. The literature agrees that it is essential for kinesic behaviors to match the context of the verbal message. Although there has
been a historical premise that certain emotions are expressed the same in all cultures, such as sadness, happiness, surprise, anger, fear and disgust, not all research studies support the premise.
Rather, facial expressions used to denote emotions are learned in ones culture. One study found that the ability to read emotion in postures and tones of voice may be learned
specifically within a culture. The literature has also shown that subordinates tend to smile more at superiors than the other way around. Smiling then is also related to ones status.
Facial expressions and gestures are related to high emotional intelligence, according to certain theorists, such as Pool (1997). * Oculesic refers to how eyes are used in communication, in
other words, to eye contact. Eye contact mediates the effect of personal space. For instance, when personal space is violated due to small spaces, avoiding eye contact reduces the stress
of the loss of personal space. There are instances of Native American cultures where direct eye contact is considered rude and disrespectful, particularly between child and adult. Direct eye contact,
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