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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
A 10 page research paper that describes the successful WHO campaign to eradicate smallpox and how this experience can be applied to achieve eradication of polio. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Page Count:
10 pages (~225 words per page)
File: KL9_khsmpoxpol.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
polio in the western hemisphere," and the "elimination of rubella as a public heath threat in the United States" (Grace, 2006, p. 87). Comparing smallpox and polio campaigns In
1967, the World Health Organization (WHO) launched a global campaign to eradicate smallpox, with the goal achieved in 1979 and certified in 1980 (Rey and Girard, 2008). The success of
this campaign was made possible by utilizing "an old, cheap, easily administered vaccine," which was administered within a "global network of epidemiological surveillance" (Rey and Girard, 2008, p. 317). Recognized
as a global public health problem of tremendous importance, it has been estimated that between 300 and 500 million people, worldwide, died from smallpox in just the twentieth century alone
(Taylor, 2009). Smallpox virus was evaluated to be ideally suited for eradication, as its characteristics fitted well with an "authoritarian imposition" of "mass-compliance health" programs (Taylor, 2009, p. 550).
However, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) indicates that mass vaccination was insufficient for addressing the problem of smallpox. Therefore the strategy of "ring vaccination" was also instigated
(CDC, 2009). This strategy involved finding and inoculating individuals who were known to have been in contact with an infected individual (CDC, 2009). This established a "ring" of individuals around
the infected individual, which halted the spread of the infection (CDC, 2009). However, the conditions that were applicable to smallpox are not necessarily appropriate for understanding how to address polio.
For one thing, people were afraid of smallpox. Therefore, there was high motivation for populations to submit to "aggressive intervention," and program enforcement (Taylor, 2009, p. 550). In contrast, polio
is not regarded with the same level of fear. Between 2002 and 2004, Taylor (2009) conducted interviews in Nigeria, India and Pakistan in areas that were suffering from a resurgence
...