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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
This is a 6 page paper discussing the philosophical concept of “idealism”. The concept of “idealism” has changed greatly over the course of the last several centuries but the most basic premises were on those proposed by George Berkeley in the early 18th century. Basically idealism is the theory that physical things are sensations of the mind and no idea, physical thing or sensation exists outside of the mind. This being said, philosophers had difficulty with the complete acceptance of all things only existing through sensations and ideas. Because of this idealism was not necessarily adopted wholly but its concepts were adopted partially and included in several other conceptual theories including “critical idealism” advocated by Immanuel Kant, Hopkins theories which combined idealism with materialism, and the more recent applications such as political idealism and realistic idealism.
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Page Count:
6 pages (~225 words per page)
File: D0_TJideal1.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
the theory that physical things are sensations of the mind and no idea, physical thing or sensation exists outside of the mind. This being said, philosophers had difficulty with the
complete acceptance of all things only existing through sensations and ideas. Because of this idealism was not necessarily adopted wholly but its concepts were adopted partially and included in several
other conceptual theories including "critical idealism" advocated by Immanuel Kant, Hopkins theories which combined idealism with materialism, and the more recent applications such as political idealism and realistic idealism.
There have been several movements considered as the school of thought of philosophical "idealism". The most popular theory is that conceived by George
Berkeley (1685-1753). The major ideas of Berkeley as explained in his three major works "An Essay Towards a New Theory of Vision" (1709), "A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human
Knowledge" (1710), and "Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous" (1713), were based on that premises that: "to be is to be perceived" in that a physical think only exists when
it is perceived through the use of the senses. In other words, "physical things are complexes of ideas (sensations)" (McGreal 252). Secondly, "since no idea or sensation exists outside of
the mind" then "no physical thing exists outside the mind" (McGreal 252). Third, primary qualities such as solidity, extension, shape and motion are as subjective between individuals as are the
secondary qualities such as color, sound, odor, taste and texture. Fourth, spiritual substance is the only kind of substance in that it is that which perceives and thinks. Finally, "God
accounts for the uniformity of nature and its continued existence when no finite mind perceives it; God causes the perceiving subject to have the ideas that constitute the external world"
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