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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
A 12 page research paper that contrasts and compares trumpet concerti by Johann Nepomuk Hummel and Franz Joseph Haydn. It was at this time that the trumpet began to "escape the restrictions of the harmonic series" and also acquire chromatic capabilities" in the instrument's lower registers. This development ignited the musical imaginations of both Haydn, whose concerto premiered in 1800, and Hummel, whose work debuted in 1804. This examination of these works will look briefly at the life of each composer and specifically at the third movement of each concerti. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Page Count:
12 pages (~225 words per page)
File: D0_khhumhay.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
Nepomuk Hummel and Franz Joseph Haydn. It was at this time that the trumpet began to "escape the restrictions of the harmonic series" and also acquire chromatic capabilities" in the
instruments lower registers.1 This development ignited the musical imaginations of both Haydn, whose concerto premiered in 1800, and Hummel, whose work debuted in 1804.2 The following examination of these
works will look briefly at the life of each composer and specifically at the third movement of each concerti. Both Haydns and Hummels concerti are in E-flat major and
follow the form of the classical concerto. Background, why the concerti were written To have a true appreciation of these works requires that the listener have some knowledge of
the history of the trumpet.3 Before the development of keys or valves, playing a step-wise melody was not possible on the trumpet except in the very highest register.4 Because of
this, Baroque performers (the period preceding the classical) had to develop new techniques for the higher register, which consisted of "playing softer and playing the impure partials of the harmonic
series in tune."5 The highest register of the trumpet and the highest part of in a trumpet ensemble is referred to as the "clarino."6 This is generally the term used
for the solo trumpet part in the score.7 To play the clarino properly requires that the performer have "a naturally suitable lip, good teeth, physical strength," and, most significantly, extensive
practice.8 Trumpet melodies were written in the clarino because it was only there that a complete scale could be played. Obviously, this greatly limited use of the trumpet as a
solo instrument. Because of these difficulties in playing on the natural trumpet, experiments were tried with the keyed, or "organized trumpet." In the early 1790s, Anton Weidinger began to develop
...