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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
This 4 page paper discusses a number of issues relating to human cloning. Bibliography lists 17 sources.
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4 pages (~225 words per page)
File: D0_HVcloimp.rtf
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and our deepest fears. This paper discusses the implications for human and animal cloning. Discussion Cloning is defined as "the development of offspring that are genetically identical to their parent"
(Bailey, 2008). In nature, animals that reproduce asexually are clones (Bailey, 2008). Cloning in the laboratory, as opposed to asexual reproduction, is explained as "laboratory processes used to produce offspring
that are genetically identical to the donor parent" (Bailey, 2008). In order to create clones of adult animals, a process called "somatic cell nuclear transfer" is used (Bailey, 2008). This
process is the "transfer of a somatic cell to an egg cell" (Bailey, 2008). A somatic cell is "any cell in the body other than a germ (reproductive) cell" (Bailey,
2008). In the cloning process, the somatic cell (heart, skin, blood and so on) is removed from the parent and "inserted into an unfertilized egg that has had its
nucleus removed" (Bailey, 2008). The egg is nurtured and divides "until it becomes an embryo," at which point it is placed into a surrogate mother, where it develops (Bailey, 2008).
There are "two variations of this method ... the Roslin Technique and the Honolulu Technique" (Bailey, 2008). Various types of cloning: In plants, gene cloning uses a "plasmid called
the Ti plasmid, which is found, within the bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens" (Gene engineering in plants). Agrobacterium tumefaciens has a "natural ability ... to transfer DNA into plant chromosomes" (Gene engineering
in plants). The motile bacterium is rod shaped and gram negative, and lives in soil and "invades many dicotyledonous plants and some gymnosperms when they are damaged at soil level"
(Gene engineering in plants). The bacterium "enters the fresh wound and attaches itself to the wall of an intact cell, after which it transfers a relatively small part of its
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