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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
A 3 page overview of the theories of Erik Homberger Erikson and Howard Gardner. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Page Count:
3 pages (~225 words per page)
File: AM2_PPpsyEriksonGardner.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
psychologists over the centuries. Two of the more interesting of those psychologists are Erik Homberger Erikson and Howard Gardner. Erikson and Gardner both regard social and environmental factors
as formative elements in determining behavior and intelligence. Erikson considers human behavior as something that changes over time in relation to specific psychosocial
stages. Unlike Freud who theorized on only five specific stages of development, Erikson divided human development into eight specific stages: 1. Trust verses Mistrust, 2. Autonomy
verses Shame and Doubt, 3. Initiative verses Guilt, 4. Industry verses Inferiority, 5. Identity verses Role Confusion, 6. Intimacy verses Isolation, 7. Generativity verses Stagnation,
and 8. Integrity verses Despair (Sharkee, 2002). Erikson regarded social stimuli as a critical element in development. Parent/child interactions were a particularly important part of these stimuli.
Erikson believed that not only could a parent/grandparent influence a childs development, so too could a child influence a parents or
grandparents development (Boeree, 2002). Human development, after all, continues throughout our adult lives. It is not contained to just our childhood years. Erikson suggests that our adult
lives can, in fact, contain many changes. Stage seven (generativity verses stagnation), in particular, can herald in many dramatic changes. This period in an adults life can be
generative in nature when an individual is pressed into action by the need to accomplish something. Alternatively, this period can be a period of stagnancy, a period where individuals
simply wallow deeper into the rut that their life has become. Gardners views on human behavior are in many ways similar
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