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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
A 10 page research paper on flood, earthquake, and volcano destruction of human civilizations. The writer details the causes of such disasters and famous instances including Vesuvius, Krakatoa, New Madrid, San Francisco, and the great Mississippi floods of 1993. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Page Count:
10 pages (~225 words per page)
File: D0_Volcano.doc
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
lure of rich soil for agriculture, favorable places for trade, and even scenic beauty make them think the risk is acceptable, or else they do not believe that disaster will
overtake them. History has repeatedly proven them wrong, and modern civilizations with full knowledge of the dangers are no more inclined to heed them than ancient ones. The most
easily apprehended danger from a geological feature is the threat of flood. The nature of rivers is to overflow their banks at variously regular intervals. Rivers form their
flood plains based on the erosion of the surface soils and rock. The valleys formed range from very broad to extremely narrow gorges depending on the age of the
river, its speed, and the resistance of the rock over which it flows. A floodplain is formed by the picking up and depositing of sediment. When water flows
slowly it drops more sediment. Each flood adds another layer of sediment, building up the floodplain (Knapp 22). Flood plains are rated by the number of years it
normally takes before a flood is great enough to reach the area. But along with geological features, floodplains can be changed by manmade changes in the landscape, especially with
regard to changes in drainage patterns from building. However, even without specific knowledge of floodplains, it is possible to see by looking at the landscape as it slopes down
to the river where flooding is likely to occur at some point. People have traditionally settled in river valleys because of the fertility of the soil. As the river
moves down its course, it carries silt with it and deposits it along the way. Agriculture has traditionally flourished along river valleys, both because of the soil and also
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