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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
This 3 page paper considers two topics: the interaction between hormones and behavior and the determination of gender identity; and the influence of biology and environment on gender identity (the “nature v. nurture” idea). Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Page Count:
3 pages (~225 words per page)
File: KV32_HVhorbev.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
paper briefly explores the link between hormones and behavior, as well as whether biology or environment has more influence on sexual differentiation and gender identity. Discussion Contrary to a popular
belief, "ones sense of gender and ones anatomical sex are two distinct elements: each developing at different times in different parts of the body" (Vitale, 1997). This phenomenon was described
by one John Money as "gendermaps," which he defines as the "entity, template, or schema within the mind and brain that codes masculinity and femininity and androgyny" (Vitale, 1997). This
coding or map occurs extremely early in life and is caused by "an interaction of nature and nurture" (Vitale, 1997). The development of masculine/feminine coding is greatly influenced by the
hormones of the growing fetus, with the result that "sex and gender identification are generally closely matched. But like most aspects of being human, there are no guarantees" (Vitale, 1997).
This may result in a child becoming aware very early (Vitale says as early as age four) that he or she is anatomically a boy or girl but is "coded"
with behaviors and attitudes much more typical of the opposite sex; some individuals "have no clear sense of gender whatsoever" (Vitale, 1997). All human embryos start out as females; they
become males when (if) the Y chromosome, which is inherited from the father, is added (Vitale, 1997). In addition, the Y chromosome "must contain a gene known as the Testes
Determining Factor (TDF), telling the embryo to differentiate and develop male genitalia" (Vitale, 1997). If this additional factor is not present, the embryo will "continue to develop undifferentiated as female"
(Vitale, 1997). Nature makes this sexual differentiation even more marked "by having the newly formed male testes flood the brain with male hormones at around the third month of pregnancy"
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