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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
A 5 page paper that presents a literature review outline for the topic. Sections include what is interoperability, first responders and interoperability, future of interoperability efforts. Annotated bibliography is part of page count. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Page Count:
5 pages (~225 words per page)
File: MM12_PGhlnin9.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
situation to have the same information and to talk with each other (SAFECOM, 2009). 1. Wireless communication interoperability allows emergency responders to share information via both voice and data systems
in real time (SAFECOM, 2009). For example, when different emergency personnel are called to the same incident, they can communicate directly with each other to coordinate efforts rather than create
chaos (SAFECOM, 2009). 2. Interoperability challenges include outdated systems, limited budgets, and lack of strategic planning (SAFECOM, 2009). B. First Responders and interoperability. 1. Many first
responder agencies have not updated their information technology systems in decades (Goedert, 2007). Congress is pushing for more effective communication systems for first responders (Goedert, 2007). 2. Lack of cross-agency
homeland security technologies make it nearly impossible for first responder agencies from different jurisdictions to communicate with each other (Rendelman, 2007). C. Levels of interoperability. 1. First level is
at local incident location and responders need to talk with each other to coordinate efforts (Careless, 2008). 2. Second level involves more people from larger geographic area need to coordinate
efforts for a major incident (Careless, 2008). 3. Third level is the Task Force where a major catastrophe has happened and efforts will come from local, state and federal agencies
who need to coordinate and communicate (Careless, 2008). Hurricane Katrina fits in this category and we know the lack of coordination that happened there. D. Future of Interoperability Efforts 1.
Senate scolds Department of Homeland Security for lack of interoperability (Weaver, 2006). 2. National Governors Association asks six states to take on the challenge of creating interoperability systems for first
responders to communicate with each other during disasters (Magnuson and Rusling, 2009). 3. The Office of Intelligence and Analysis for the Department of Homeland Security establishes fusion centers for the
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