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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
This 4 page paper discusses two events that shaped Hollywood: the Paramount decree of 1948, and the operation of the House Un-American Activities Committee. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
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4 pages (~225 words per page)
File: D0_HVpahuac.rtf
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decree" takes its name from the case, United States vs. Paramount Pictures, Inc., 334 U.S. 131 (1948); Paramount Studios was the first of the defendants named. (The other four studios
that owned chains of theaters were Warner Bros., 20th Century Fox, MGM and RKO ("Paramount: The War Boom, The Paramount Decree and the Early Television Era")). The U.S. "sued to
restrain violations of ?? 1 and 2 of the Sherman Act" (United States vs. Paramount Pictures, Inc., 334 U.S. 131 (1948)), charging that the various studios were violating anti-trust laws
by restraining and monopolizing "interstate trade in the exhibition of motion pictures in most of the larger cities of the country and that their combination of producing, distributing and exhibiting
motion pictures violated ?? 1 and 2 of the Act" (United States vs. Paramount Pictures, Inc., 334 U.S. 131 (1948)). The complaint also charged that the defendants not only conspired
to, but did in fact "restrain and monopolize interstate trade in the distribution and exhibition of films" (United States vs. Paramount Pictures, Inc., 334 U.S. 131 (1948)). In other words,
the studios were conspiring to dictate who could show their pictures, when and how much to charge for them. They were able to get away with it because at the
time, the studios also owned the theater chains where the films were shown. The court held that the studios were in violation of the Sherman Act as charged, and Paramount
complied with the ruling by "splitting in late 1949 into two corporate entities, Paramount Pictures and United Paramount Theaters (UPT) ("Paramount: The War Boom, The Paramount Decree and the Early
Television Era"). The ruling, called the Paramount decree, "effectively disintegrated the industry, forcing the studios to produce and market movies on an individual basis" (Downing et al. 499). The ruling
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