Sample Essay on:
Healthcare Financing in Zambia and the Search for a Sustainable Strategy

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Essay / Research Paper Abstract

This 65 page paper is an examination of the way sustainable healthcare financing may be created and maintained in Zambia. The history and development of healthcare and universal healthcare is assessed, the problems, benefits and implementation issues are all examined, the way financial sustainability may be gained is considered and research is simulated to determine the willingness and ability of citizens to make payments towards the healthcare system. The paper ends with recommendations. The bibliography cites 47 sources.

Page Count:

65 pages (~225 words per page)

File: TS14_TEhealfinance.rtf

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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:

3.2 THE START OF RESOURCE PROBLEMS 13 4. IDEOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK CURRENT HEALTHCARE SYSTEM 15 5. THE CURRENT HEALTHCARE STRUCTURE 17 5.1 AREA BOARDS OF HEALTH 17 5.2 DISTRICT HEALTH BOARDS 18 5.3 PROVINCIAL HEALTH OFFICE 18 5.4 CENTRAL BOARD OF HEALTH 19 5.5 MINISTRY OF HEALTH 20 6. ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE 22 7. FUNDING POLICIES 24 7.1 INTRODUCTION OF USER FEES 24 7.2 ABOLITION OF USER FEES 26 7.3 PROBLEMS WITH CURRENT FUNDING PROVISIONS 28 8. SUSTAINABILITY IN HEALTHCARE 30 8.1 TYPES OF SUSTAINABILITY 30 8.1.1 Financial Sustainability 30 8.1.2 Organizational Sustainability 31 9. THE CHALLENGES OF FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY IN HEALTHCARE 33 10. HEALTHCARE ECONOMICS 38 11. COST EFFECTIVENESS AND COST BENEFIT MEASURES 45 11.1 COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS 45 11.2 COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS 46 11.3 COST UTILITY ANALYSIS 46 11.4 VALUE ENGINEERING 47 12. FUNDING IN SIMILAR MODELS ELSEWHERE 48 12.1 FUNDING IN THE UK NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICE 49 12.2 CONTRACT CULTURE 51 12.3 PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS 57 13. SOURCES OF FUNDING 60 14. METHODOLOGY 62 14.1 METHODOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK 62 14.2 DATA COLLECTION 63 14.3 DATA ANALYSIS 66 15. RESEARCH RESULTS 67 16. CONCLUSION 72 REFERENCES 76 GLOSSARY 80 Table of Figures FIGURE 1 GROWTH IN HOSPITAL NUMBERS IN ZAMBIA 1964 TO 1994 11 FIGURE 2 INCREASE THE NUMBER OF HOSPITAL BEDS IN ZAMBIA 1964 TO 1994 12 FIGURE 3 COMPARISON BETWEEN THE USER FEE REVENUES AND REPLACEMENT PARTS IN ZAMBIA 2005 - 2006. 27 FIGURE 4 INDIFFERENCE CURVE FOR A NEAR PERFECT SUBSTITUTE 40 FIGURE 5 INDIFFERENCE CURVE FOR COMPLIMENTARY GOODS 41 FIGURE 6 BUDGET AND DETERMINATION OF DEMAND CHOICE 43 1. Introduction There has been a gradual shift in the way healthcare is perceived, with an increasing general perception of basic healthcare as a human right. The way healthcare is provided can be full of contradiction and complexities. While there is a general social acceptance of the value and need for healthcare to be provided the financing of healthcare is a constraint; to provide healthcare the providers need to have sufficient funds. In the developed world there are many arguments concerning the way that ...

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