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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
A 5 page paper that compares and contrasts Sullivan’s interpersonal theory and Horney’s psychoanalytic social theory of personality development. Sullivan’s theory argues that if it were not for other people an individual would have no personality. Horney believed that social and cultural conditions shape an individual’s personality. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Page Count:
5 pages (~225 words per page)
File: ME12_PG700520.doc
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people an individual would have no personality. Personalities could only be developed in a social context. He argued that personalities exist only within the complex relations within which a person
lives and relates (Feist & Feist, 2009). This is similar to Karen Horneys belief that personalities are developed within a social and cultural context. Like Freud and others, Sullivan believed
that different stages of development from infancy through adulthood are crucial (Feist & Feist, 2009). Sullivan viewed the personality as an energy system, which he explained as tension or action.
In tension mode, the system is getting ready to act and in action mode, the energy has taken on a form (Feist & Feist, 2009). Behaviors or actions could be
overt or covert but in either case, they are intended to reduce anxiety. Tensions may not be on a conscious level, for instance, anxiety, hunger, premonitions, and other tensions
may not be felt on a conscious level. Sullivan actually thought that tensions were usually a distortion of reality (Feist & Feist, 2009). This would suggest that motives for behaviors
could be conscious or unconscious. There are two forms of tensions: needs and anxiety. Needs are biological or chemical, such as thirst, hunger, or sleep. As soon as the need
is satisfied, the need no longer exists until the next time. An interpersonal need such as the need for tenderness and nurturance for an infant does not go away. The
need is maintained. According to Sullivan, anxiety, as a tension, is vague. This makes it more difficult to satisfy than are other needs like hunger. If we remember that
anxiety is sort of free-floating, which is why it is called an anxiety and not a fear, Sullivans beliefs make common sense. There are few interventions for anxiety. Feist and
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