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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
A 5 page paper that relates the origination of physical education in the United States. From this beginning, the writer discusses three events/trends that contributed to the growth of physical education training in schools: the Civil War, societal changes in the 1960s, the initiation of the President's Council on Fitness and the evolution of that council. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Page Count:
5 pages (~225 words per page)
File: MM12_PGpehst.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
Miller, 2000). The philosophy of one of the early proponents of physical training was not very different than it is today (Cazers and Miller, 2000). Johann Friedrich GutsMuths, who is
called the grandfather of physical education, asserted: "a strong nation is made up of strong citizens, that boys and girls need fresh air and outdoor exercise, and that good health
is a prerequisite for a strong intellect" (Cazers and Miller, 2000, p. 44). In the early to mid-1800s, a number of Americans brought physical education to America, following the German
methods (Cazers and Miller, 2000). In particular, the turnen, or German gymnastics, was adopted in America (Cazers and Miller, 2000). Unlike todays gymnastics, turnen included marching exercises and tactics, work
with poles, ropes, wands, clubs and dumbbells, and a variety of other exercises (Cazers and Miller, 2000). Many paramilitary skills were included in this training (Cazers and Miller, 2000). The
background is needed to understand what happened to instill the need for physical education in America. The Civil War happened; most of the soldiers in the 17th Missouri regiment had
had the turnen training and they succeeded in protecting the state of Missouri from the Union (Cazers and Miller, 2000). The physical education training had proven to be the reason
for this regiments success. After the Civil War, the government expressed concern about the very poor physical condition of the Union soldiers, particularly when compared to those of the 17th
Missouri regiment. This concern led to the incorporation of physical training for school-aged boys (Cazers and Miller, 2000). The goal was to ensure the physical preparedness of men (Cazers and
Miller, 2000). A debate ensued between those who supported the military fitness regime and those who supported just exercise and gymnastics in schools (Cazers and Miller, 2000). Some schools followed
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