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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
A 3 page research paper that discusses the difference between positive and negative feedbacks and their relation to climate change. The writer also discusses “tipping points.” Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Page Count:
3 pages (~225 words per page)
File: D0_khgwfeed.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
A positive feedback occurs when the "directions of the input perturbation and the feedback loop agree with each other" (Archer 67). In other words, a positive feedback will act to
amplify a trend, causing a cold trend to get colder or a warming trend to get warmer. A negative feedback tends to stabilize conditions. "If the Earth is too warm,
the outgoing energy flux will be greater than the incoming solar energy flux and the Earth will cool" (Archer 67). The main aspects of feedback processes, as described by
Archer, explain the reasons behind the fact that, while water vapor the largest category of greenhouse gas-trapping more heat next to the Earths surface than carbon dioxide (CO2), it is
seldom mentioned in the popular press. Basically, this is because the amount of water vapor that enters the atmosphere, from such activities as watering your lawn, does not contribute to
global warming because it will be recycled as rain due to the way in which a "negative feedback loop stabilizes the water vapor concentration at any given temperature" (Archer 71).
However, positive feedback does arise when one considers "water vapor affecting a state variable of temperature" (Archer 71). An example of a positive feedback loop is the "ice-albedo feedback," which
explains why the Arctic ice cap has melted (Gardiner). Ice-albedo Feedback refers to the positive feedback loop that explains why having some ice melt causes more ice to also
melt. Arctic ice is covered in snow throughout the winter. It is bright white in color, so therefore has a high albedo, or reflective rate (Gardiner). During the Arctic winter,
the sun stays low on the horizon, and, depending on how far one is into the Arctic Circle, the sun does not appear at all on one or more days
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