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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
(5 pp). Anything composed of language, can usually
be taken apart by language. In this discussion we
dare to examine a presidential speech (George Bush)
with that in mind. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Page Count:
5 pages (~225 words per page)
File: D0_BBtolmin.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
presidential speech (George Bush) with that in mind. Stephen Toulmin (1922- ):Stephen Toulmin, originally a British logician, is now a professor at USC. He became frustrated with the
inability of formal logic to explain everyday arguments, and was prompted him to develop his own model of practical reasoning. A new language is given to the argument -
some of Toulmins terms follow: The warrant is typically implicit (unstated) and requires the listener to recognize the underlying reasoning that makes sense of the claim in light of the
grounds. The warrant performs a "linking" function by establishing a mental connection between the grounds and the claim. Warrants can be based on: ethos: source
credibility, authority; logos: reason-giving, induction, deduction; pathos: emotional or motivational appeals shared values: free speech, right to know, and fairness. The second triad of the Toulmin model involves three additional
elements: Backing provides additional justification for the warrant. Backing usually consists of evidence to support the type of reasoning employed by the warrant. The qualifier states the
degree of force or probability to be attached to the claim. The qualifier states how sure the arguer is about his/her claim. The rebuttal acknowledges exceptions or limitations to the
argument. The rebuttal admits to those circumstances or situations where the argument would not hold. The Toulmin model has limited utility, in that it applies to only one argument at
a time, not "chains" of argument (commfaculty.fullerton.edu/ rgass/ stephen_toulmin.htm. ) September 5, 1989 Address on Drugs - President George Bush Claim (stated reason) Drugs are a real
and terribly dangerous threat to our neighborhoods, our friends, and our families Warrant (assumption) All of us agree, that the gravest domestic threat facing our nation today is drugs.
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