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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
This 6 page paper discusses one of the events that may occur during an earthquake: liquefaction. It also analyzes an article on the subject. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Page Count:
6 pages (~225 words per page)
File: D0_HVgeoliq.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
when an earthquake strikes: liquefaction. Discussion The mechanism of earthquakes is generally well understood: they are the "spontaneous release of energy" that occurs when tectonic plates move against each other
(Environmental Geology Lab Manual GEOL 1133, 2008, p. 7,; hereafter "Environmental geology, 2008"). The stresses that are built up by such movements are suddenly released, usually along fault lines and
"within the first 25 miles of the Earths surface" (Environmental geology, 2008, p. 7). Presumably this means they usually occur at a depth of no more than 25 miles. Sudden
movements of the earths crust along the fault lines "cause shock waves to radiate away from the focus of movement," very much like a pebble thrown into a pond (Environmental
geology, 2008, p. 7). There are thousands of quakes each year that are strong enough to be felt by people on the surface, and millions more that occur that are
only recorded by instruments (Environmental geology, 2008). The force of the earthquake travels outwards from the epicenter in seismic waves (Environmental geology, 2008). Seismic waves "transfer energy from one
place to another," and although there are many types, this paper concerns only two, P-waves and S-waves (Environmental geology, 2008). The former travel through both solids and liquids, usually at
a rate of between "6 and 13 km/sec" (Environmental geology, 2008, p. 7). S-waves are slower, traveling only through solids, moving at a rate of between "3.5 and 7.5 km/sec"
(Environmental geology, 2008, p. 7). The P-waves are thus recorded first on a seismogram, and by measure the "lag time" between the two waves, scientists can determine the distance of
the recording station from the quake (Environmental geology, 2008). If there are three or more recording stations operating during a quake, scientists can triangulate from the data received to find
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